50 Key Graphic Design Terms Explained Simply For Non-Designers
Getting thrown into the world of graphic design can sometimes feel like learning a new language.
Kerning, tracking, warm colors, cool colors, CMYK, RGB, OMG. There are a lot of technical terms thrown around and it can get confusing at the best of times. But, if you’re finding yourself confused, never fear – we’re here to help.
So, whether you’re a new designer yourself, are just a little curious, or are simply trying to decipher your designer’s emails, sit back and relax as we break down some common terms for you.
01. Typography
The artistic arrangement of type in a readable and visually appealing way. Typography usually concerns the design and use of various typefaces in a way that helps to better visually communicate ideas.
Do you know all 20 of the typography mistakes every beginner makes?
02. Body Copy
The main part of text in your design or publication – the written website content, the book contents, even this type you’re reading right now, it’s all body copy.
03. Display Type
Type that is designed with the objective of attracting attention. Think of movie titles on posters, article titles in magazines, newspaper headlines, etc.
04. Hierarchy
The visual arrangement of design elements in a way that signifies importance. For example, you might make a title big and bold to ensure it attracts more attention than a small, lightly colored image caption.
Do you know the 5 principles of effective visual hierarchy?
05. Kerning
The adjustment of space between two characters in your type. Kerning usually aims to achieve a more proportional and pleasing balance of space between each character.
Want to learn more about kerning? Read our beginner’s guide to kerning like a designer.
06. Leading
Pronounced ‘ledding’, leading refers to the space between lines of type. Overly tight leading can cause tension and overlap, making the content unreadable, and too-loose leading can equally make the type appear disjointed, so we usually try to find a nice balance between the two.
07. Tracking
Tracking concerns the space between letters. When we track bodies of text, we are adjusting space between every letter in a word in order to change the density or appearance of a large block of type (i.e. body copy). Tracking shouldn’t be confused with kerning, which concerns the adjustment of space between individual pairs of letters.
08. X-Height
The average height of lowercase letters. X-height gets its name as this value is usually exemplified by looking at the height of the letter x in any given typeface.
Read more about X-Height and other typographic terms in the Design School’s visual guide to typography.
09. Ascender
The part of a lowercase letter that extends above the x-height. Some common examples of this are ‘b’, ‘d’, ‘f’, etc.
Read more about Ascenders and other typographic terms in the Design School’s visual guide to typography.
10. Descenders
The part of a lowercase letter that extends below the x-height. Some common examples of this are ‘g’, ‘j’, ‘p’, etc.
Read more about Ascenders and other typographic terms in the Design School’s visual guide to typography.
11. Orphans and Widows
The words or short lines that appear by themselves at the top or bottom of a column of type. It’s always a good (and easy) idea to check over your body copy before finishing up, and manually removing these when they appear.
12. Serif Typeface
A typeface with small decorative strokes (called ‘serifs’) found at the end of horizontal and vertical lines. Serif typefaces tend to look professional, authoritative, and traditional in appearance.
13. Sans Serif Typeface
A typeface without the small decorative serif strokes. Sans serifs tend to look more modern, stylish, and cleaner than their serif counterparts.
14. Script Typeface
A typeface that mimics cursive handwriting. Script typefaces tend to look elegant, personal, and/or more casual, depending on how embellished they are.
15. Slab Serif Typeface
A typeface with thicker, blockier serifs, very commonly used in headlines and titles, but rarely in body copy. Slab serifs tend to look sturdier, stronger, and bolder.
16. Legibility
The measure of how easy it is to distinguish one letter from the next. Legibility has a lot to do with your choice of typeface and how you use it, i.e. simpler serif or sans serif typefaces are generally better for smaller body copy.
17. Alignment
The lining up of elements to achieve balance, order, and a more logical layout. There are also four common types of typographical alignment – center, left, right, and justified, each with their own time and place for application.
18. Pull Quote
A short quote or excerpt pulled from the main text and used as a visual element to help highlight important ideas and draw interest to the piece. Pull quotes are very common in magazine design.
19. Palette
The selection of colors that you choose to use for your design.
20. Monochrome
A color scheme built out of only one color, including lighter and darker tones of that color.
21. Analogous
A color scheme built out of three colors that are next to each other on the color wheel.
22. Complementary
A color scheme built out of two colors that sit opposite each other on the color wheel.
23. Triadic
A color scheme built out of three colors equally spaced around the color wheel.
24. CMYK
CMYK or ‘Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key’, is a color model that is used for print purposes. CMYK is a subtractive color, this means that we begin with white and end up with black. So, as we add more color, the result turns darker.
25. RGB
RGB or ‘Red, Green, Blue’ is a color model that is used for on-screen purposes. RGB is a additive color, meaning that when mixing colors, we start with black and end up with white as more color is added.
26. Pantone (PMS)
The ‘Pantone Matching System’ is a standardized system of colors for printing. Every Pantone shade is numbered, making it much easier for people to reference and identify exact shades of color.
27. Warm Colors
Colors that make you think of heat and warmth, like reds, yellows, oranges, etc. These colors tend to feel cozier, friendlier, and more cheerful. You are able to add more warm tones to an image or photograph by increasing the orange tones in your image.
28. Cool Colors
Colors that make you think of colder temperatures, like blues, greens, violets, etc. These colors tend to create a calm and soothing atmosphere. You are able to add cooler tones to an image or photograph by increasing the blue tones in your image.
29. Color Theory
The study of how colors make people feel and respond. Certain colors tend to evoke certain subconscious emotions and feelings in people – for example, we tend to associate blue with trust and dependability, hence why so many corporate businesses have blue logos and branding.
Do you want to learn 10 color inspiration secrets only designers know about?
30. Gradient
A gradual change in color from one tone into another. Two common types of gradients are the linear gradient where each color sits on opposite sides of the frame, and a radial gradient where one color sits in the middle, and another at the edge.
31. Opacity
The degree of transparency an element has. The lower the opacity, the more transparent an element is.
32. Resolution
The amount of detail an image has. Generally speaking, the higher your resolution, the better your images appear, and the more detail is rendered. Whereas lower resolution images or graphic tend to appear blurry, pixelated or muddy.
33. Contrast
The degree of difference between two juxtaposed elements. Some other common types of contrast are dark vs. light, thick vs. thin, rough vs. smooth, etc.
Want to find out how you can use contrast in your designs like the experts?
34. Saturation
The degree of intensity and vividness of a color. For example, a low-saturation color may appear paler, and faded, whereas a more heavily saturated color may appear more vibrant and colorful.
35. Stock Photo
A professionally shot photograph available online for licensing. Stock photos are usually used in lieu of hiring a photographer, or if a designer cannot access the images they need from their own inventory of photographs.
For a guide to the very best places to find beautiful, free, high quality stock imagery, be sure to check out this list of 74 sites!
36. Rule Of Thirds
Rule of Thirds is a theory that if you divide your image with two vertical and two horizontal lines, the areas where your lines intersect will become focal points of your design.
37. Brand
A collection of concepts, ideas, and emotions that encapsulate your company’s values and ethos. A brand is a mix of all the fine conceptual details that make up the company, from the content the brand promotes, the way employees talk, the words used, the values upheld, etc.
For more information on building a brand that sticks, be sure to check out these 12 simple steps to creating a memorable brand.
38. Brand Identity
The visualisation of your brand (see definition above) in a way that represents the values, content and ethos of the company. This can include things like a logo, business cards, letterheads, uniforms, packaging design, etc.
Want to learn how to build a brand identity in 5 days?
39. Logotype
A type of logo where the name of the company designed in a visual way. Think of brands like Google, Ikea, Disney.
40. Brandmark
A type of logo design where a symbol is used in place of the company name, i.e. the Apple logo. Brandmarks are commonly accompanied by a logotype, but not always.
41. Thumbnail Sketch
No, not the kind of thumbnail on your hand. Thumbnail sketches are rough drawings of potential design concepts or solutions. These sketches are used to visualise and grow various ideas and concepts by hand before moving to the screen.
42. Grid
A framework made up of evenly divided, intersecting columns and rows. Grids help designers to align and arrange elements in a quicker, neater, and more consistent way.
Ready to get creative with grids? Here are 5 design ideas using grids.
43. Scale
The change of size of an object while keeping its shape and proportions in tact. Large scale can create drama, and smaller scale can create fine detail.
Get started with scale. Here are 5 creative ways to use scale in your designs.
44. Texture
When it comes to design, texture can refer to the actual tactile surface of a design, or the visual tactility of your design. By layering textured images and graphics over your design, you can often create a visual appearance of tactility that mirrors actual texture.
45. White Space
Also called ‘negative space’, white space refers to the areas of a design that are not filled with content. White space is an important design element as it helps to let a design ‘breathe’, helps avoid overly complicated designs, and keeps designs looking clean.
46. Margins
The space around the edge of a page. By increasing or decreasing the size of your page’s margins you can create a more calming or a more tense design respectively. The example below has larger, more open margins.
47. Die Cut
The process of cutting areas of your printed design in various shapes to create unique effects. Diecuts are created after printing and are classed as a finishing process.
48. Foil Stamping
The heat-pressing application of foil to certain parts of a design to give them a shiny, metallic finish.
49. Letterpressing
The process of using metal plates to press a design into the surface of paper to create dimensional indentations.
Get inspired with letterpress with a stunning collection of 50 letterpress business cards.
50. Lorem Ipsum
Also known as ‘dummy copy’, lorem ipsum is a generic filler text used when the real text is not available. It’s used as placeholder text to demonstrate how a design will look once the real body copy has been included.
Well, there you have it, a small dose of some of the more common terms that you might encounter when working with (or as) a graphic designer.
Whether you’re a designer or not, do keep in mind that while the terminology is important, it’s not the be all and end all. Definitions change and adapt to different circumstances, so keep your eyes peeled for new concepts and ideas, keep an open mind, and ask questions! There’s never any shame in asking others to help clarify any particular concept that you’re unsure of. Or, if all else fails, Google away to your heart’s content.
Now let’s turn the tables: what graphic design terms do you use or see used frequently? Let us know down in the comments!
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